-- ============================================================ -- 07_end_users.sql -- Create the two end-user accounts with MINIMAL privileges. -- Add a LOGON trigger that loads each user's context automatically. -- Run as ADMIN. -- -- DEFINE: &VPDUSER_A_PASSWORD, &VPDUSER_B_PASSWORD -- ============================================================ SET ECHO OFF SET FEEDBACK ON SET DEFINE ON PROMPT === Creating end-user accounts === -- Passwords come from .env (DEFINE) so they aren't hardcoded in source. -- Production should use IAM / proxy auth / mTLS instead of static passwords. CREATE USER vpduser_a IDENTIFIED BY "&VPDUSER_A_PASSWORD"; CREATE USER vpduser_b IDENTIFIED BY "&VPDUSER_B_PASSWORD"; -- ADB requires a tablespace quota even for read-only users in some setups; we -- skip QUOTA since these users won't create objects. GRANT CREATE SESSION TO vpduser_a; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO vpduser_b; PROMPT === Granting SELECT on the policy-protected views ONLY === GRANT SELECT ON v_customers_pg TO vpduser_a; GRANT SELECT ON v_customers_my TO vpduser_a; GRANT SELECT ON v_customers_pg TO vpduser_b; GRANT SELECT ON v_customers_my TO vpduser_b; -- Allow them to call ctx_pkg.init (the logon trigger needs this, and a manual -- re-init is sometimes useful). The package is bound to vpd_ctx so calling it -- is harmless: it only ever loads the caller's OWN permissions. GRANT EXECUTE ON ctx_pkg TO vpduser_a; GRANT EXECUTE ON ctx_pkg TO vpduser_b; -- NOTE on what we are deliberately NOT granting: -- * NO grant on app_user / permission / etc. -> users can't read who-can-see-what -- * NO grant on the underlying @dblink tables -> can't bypass the view -- * NO grant on DBMS_RLS -> can't alter/drop the policy -- * NO EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY -> can't escape VPD -- * NO CREATE TABLE / CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW -> can't snapshot filtered data -- * NO DBA / PDB_DBA / RESOURCE roles -> least privilege PROMPT === Creating LOGON trigger that auto-loads context === CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER vpd_logon_trg AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE BEGIN -- Only fire for our application end-users. ADMIN logons keep normal behavior. IF SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSION_USER') IN ('VPDUSER_A','VPDUSER_B') THEN admin.ctx_pkg.init; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN -- Never block login on a context-loading error; fail closed (no perms loaded -- means policy returns 1=0, i.e. no rows). Log if you have an audit table. NULL; END; / PROMPT === End-users ready === EXIT;